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SSDs2024-07-01

M.2 SSDs: Big Performance Comes in Small Packages

Solid state drives

(SSDs) released in recent years have become faster and more 7️⃣ capable of handling large

amounts of data. Their full capabilities, however, are being hindered or limited by the

interfaces they 7️⃣ are connected to. Serial ATA 3rd generation interfaces, designed for

the much slower mechanical hard disk drives, run with a 7️⃣ maximum native transfer rate of

6 Gb/s.

The Mini-SATA (mSATA) interface, though designed specifically to provide the

smallest form factor for 7️⃣ SSDs, is limited by the SATA 6 Gb/s link. The M.2 standard, a

specification for internally mounted computer add-in cards, 7️⃣ was created to address the

limitations of mSATA and provide more options for small form factor cards, including

SSDs in 7️⃣ different sizes and with different capacities. M.2 was originally called the

Next Generation Form Factor (NGFF), and then formally renamed 7️⃣ to M.2 in 2013. M.2

improves on the mSATA standard, which uses the PCI Express® Mini Card physical card

layout 7️⃣ and connectors. As mSATA's "successor," M.2 provides higher performance and

capacity while minimizing module footprint.

An M.2 SSD module is connected 7️⃣ to a host

either through a SATA interface or via a PCI Express (PCIe) lane. Though M.2 supports

both SATA 7️⃣ and PCIe, an M.2 module may only be inserted in either one of the two

interfaces, so check your motherboard 7️⃣ documentation to make sure that your module fits

and works with the corresponding socket on the motherboard.

Differences Between an M.2

7️⃣ and mSATA SSD

Both are high-performance SSDs designed for small devices such as laptops

and tablets. The mSATA interface used to 7️⃣ provide the smallest form factor for SSDs.

However, it is limited by the SATA 3.0 link speed of 6 Gb/s 7️⃣ and 1 TB maximum capacity.

The M.2 form factor was borne out of the need for multiple options for small 7️⃣ form

factor cards, including SSDs in different sizes and with different capacities, and

possibilities for extending capacities even further. M.2 7️⃣ provides higher performance

while minimizing module footprint. M.2 SSDs come in longer modules and with

double-sided component population, enabling larger 7️⃣ storage capacities within minimal

spaces. It requires no power or data cables, making installation complete without the

need for cable 7️⃣ management.

M.2 SSDs support both SATA and PCIe interfaces. The SATA

revision 3.2 specification, in its gold revision as of August 7️⃣ 2013, standardizes the

SATA version of M.2 as a new format for storage devices and specifies its hardware

layout. For 7️⃣ the PCIe version, details are included in the PCI-SIG M.2 Specification

Rev. 1.1.

Physically, they look different and cannot be plugged 7️⃣ into the same sockets.

The pictures below show ATP M.2 and mSATA SSDs.

SATA or NVMe?

SATA remains one of the

most 7️⃣ widely used interfaces in industrial and enterprise applications, so M.2 SATA

modules are optimal choices for those who want compatibility 7️⃣ with existing systems as

well as the convenience of hot-swapping and hot-plugging. M.2 modules designed for a

SATA interface will 7️⃣ perform according to the latest SATA 3rd generation standard, which

is up to 6 Gb/s.

Enterprises and client systems with a 7️⃣ greater need for speed can take

advantage of the Non-Volatile Memory Express or NVM Express® (NVMe™), an interface

specification developed 7️⃣ specifically for NAND flash and next-generation SSDs. NVMe

leverages existing PCIe technology to efficiently support the growing bandwidth needs

of 7️⃣ enterprise and client systems. An NVMe-based M.2 SSD module installed on a PCIe x2

lane will run at 15.75 Gb/s, 7️⃣ while a module installed on a PCIe x4 lane will run at

31.5 Gb/s – a massive leap in speed 7️⃣ and performance.

An M.2 SSD module is designed only

for either a SATA or PCIe interface, not both at the same 7️⃣ time, although some systems

may have M.2 sockets that will support either one or both interfaces.

ATP offers both

M.2 SATA 7️⃣ and PCIe solutions. ATP NVMe SSDs are designed for a PCIe 3.0 x4

interface.

Size Matters

M.2 modules come in different sizes 7️⃣ and can also be utilized

for Wi-Fi, WWAN, Bluetooth, GPS, and NFC.

M.2 SSDs typically come in three dimensions,

which may 7️⃣ be deduced from the card name —2242, 2260, and 2280 — "22" represents the

width in millimeters (mm), while the 7️⃣ next two digits represent the length, also in mm.

The longer the drive, the more NAND flash chips can be 7️⃣ mounted; hence, more

capacity.

In choosing the right size, one has to consider how many SSDs can be packed

into a 7️⃣ chassis, as well as thermal management issues, which may be a significant factor

for sustained performance. If the area for 7️⃣ dissipating heat is insufficient, it may

result to poor performance and instability in the long run.

The picture below shows ATP

7️⃣ M.2 SSDs in different lengths.

Keys and Sockets

An M.2 SSD is "keyed" to prevent

insertion of a card connector (male) to 7️⃣ an incompatible socket (female) on the host.

The M.2 specification identifies 12 key IDs on the module card and socket 7️⃣ interface but

M.2 SSDs typically use three common keys: B, M, and B+M. You will find the key type

labeled 7️⃣ on or near the edge connector (or gold fingers) of the SSD. Before deploying

M.2 SSDs, determine the type of 7️⃣ socket on the host and check the module connector

keying, as each connector should be inserted only in the appropriate 7️⃣ socket.

ATP M.2

SATA SSDs are B+M-keyed (can fit in sockets for B-keyed and M-keyed modules), while M.2

NVMe SSDs for 7️⃣ PCIe 3.0 x4 lane are M-keyed.

Key ID Pin Location Interface A 8-15 2x

PCIe x1 / USB 2.0 / I2C 7️⃣ /

DP x4 B 12-19 PCIe x2 / SATA /USB 2.0 / USB 3.0 / HSIC / SSIC

/ Audio / 7️⃣ UIM / I2C C 16-23 Reserved for Future Use D 20-27 Reserved for Future Use E

24-31 2x PCIe x1 7️⃣ / USB 2.0 / I2C / SDIO /

UART / PCM F 28-35 Future Memory Interface

(FMI) G 39-46 Not Used 7️⃣ for M.2; for Custom/Non-Standard Apps H 43-50 Reserved for

Future Use J 47-54 Reserved for Future Use K 51-58 Reserved 7️⃣ for Future Use L 55-62

Reserved for Future Use M 59-66 PCIe x4 / SATA

Table 1. Module key IDs, pin 7️⃣ locations

and interfaces.

Source: "All About M.2 SSDs," Storage Networking Industry Association

(SNIA). 2014.

M.2 connectors on the host are called "sockets." 7️⃣ Each socket has a unique

mechanical key, and modules are not interchangeable between sockets. According to PCI

Express M.2 Specifications 7️⃣ Rev. 1.1, the sockets are distinguished as follows:

Socket 1

: Connectivity socket for Wi-Fi ® , Bluetooth ® , NFC 7️⃣ (near-field communication) or

Wi-Gig.

Socket 2 : WWAN/SSD/Other Socket that will support various WWAN+GNSS (global

navigation satellite system) solutions, various SSD 7️⃣ and SSD Cache configurations, and

other yet-undefined solutions. (If the motherboard has a Socket 2 for a WWAN card and

7️⃣ it is not in use, the socket may accommodate a B+M-keyed small M.2 SSD. Please refer to

your motherboard documentation 7️⃣ for details).

Socket 3 : SSD Drive Socket with SATA or

up to four PCIe lanes.

Important Notes:

Please refer to your motherboard 7️⃣ documentation

to make sure that your M.2 module fits and works with the corresponding socket on the

motherboard.

M.2 modules are 7️⃣ neither hot-swappable nor hot-pluggable. Performing

hot-swap or hot-plug may damage the modules and cause harm to the person performing

this 7️⃣ .

Conclusion

As SSDs continue to revolutionize the way enterprises handle data,

choosing the right storage media in the right form factor 7️⃣ and their corresponding

interfaces will be critical. M.2 SSDs offering smaller, faster and more efficient

storage enlarge the range of 7️⃣ choices and solutions to match workloads with price and

performance.

For more information on ATP's M.2 SSDs, visit the ATP website 7️⃣ or contact

an ATP Distributor/Representative in your area.

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